MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching

The acronymn for MPLS stands for ("Multiprotocol Label Switching"). In an MPLS network, incoming packets are assigned a ("label") by a ("label edge router") ("LER"). Packets are forwarded along a ("label switch") ("LSP") where each "label switch router (LSR)" prioritizes each label whether it be voice, data, video, etc. based solely on the contents of the label. At each hop, the LSR strips off the existing label and applies a new label which tells the next hop how to forward the packet.

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Label Switch Paths (LSPs) are established by network operators for a variety of purposes, such as to guarantee a certain level of performance, to route around network congestion, or to create Internet Protocol (IP) tunnels for network-based virtual private networks. In many ways, LSP's are no different than circuit switched paths in ATM or Frame Relay networks, except that they are not dependent on a particular Layer 2 technology.

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An LSP can be established that crosses multiple Layer 2 transports like an ATM, Frame Relay or Ethernet. In other words, one of the true advantages of MPLS is the ability to create A to Z circuits, with specific performance characteristics, across any type of transport medium, eliminating the need for overlay networks or Layer 2 only control mechanisms.

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